Vocabulary of academic reading (Ielts Fever---TEST 12)

                     
  •  minimal -less
  • aside from-apart from
  • formal- authorized
  • rigid-strict
  • demonstrator-a person who shows how a piece of equipment works or how a skill or craft is performed.
  • notion-idea
  • individual basis -one on one
  • paradigm-pattern
  • delegator-who give duties
  • interpersonal-relating to relationships or communication between people.
  • rush up-come over in a hurry
  • outmoded -not popular, out of date, not used
  • expertise -efficiency
  • interaction-conversation
  • tertiary-university
  • appropriate -suited
  • franchise-an authorization granted by a government or company to an individual or group enabling them to carry out specified commercial activities,
  • turn into -converted
  • processed food- a processed food is a food item that has had a series of mechanical or chemical operations performed on it to change 
  • bland-lack in taste
  • predicament-condition
  • burgeoning-successful
  • saps -drains
  • detection-to find out
  • assault-attack
  • wary-careful
  • austerity-harsh discipline
  • recipient -receiver
  • allowance-pay, pensions
  • deficient-not enough
  • curtail-control, reduce
  • decimating-removing
  • tobaccos-cigarettes
  • debt-financial crisis
  • kick in first-to start first
  • slump-collapse
  • frivolity-lack of seriousness
  • ratchet up-hike up
  • contracting-getting smaller


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